Brussels sprouts problems / RHS Gardening (2024)

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Brussels sprouts are usually easy to grow, but occasionally things do not work out as planned.

Brussels sprouts problems / RHS Gardening (1)

Brussels sprouts problems

Quick facts

Common name Brussels sprout problems
Botanical nameBrassica oleracea var. gemmifera
Plants affected Brussels sprouts
Main symptoms Failure of good sprouts to form
Main causes Insects, fungi and poor growing conditions
Timing Summer to winter

What are Brussels sprouts?

Sprouts are the axillary

Brussels sprouts problems / RHS Gardening (2)

A bud is a small, undeveloped shoot that contains the potential for new growth. Buds are typically found on stems, where they can be apical (found at the tip) or axillary (found between leaf axils) and may develop into leaves, shoots or flowers.

buds (buds in the angle of the leaves) of a

Brussels sprouts problems / RHS Gardening (3)

Biennials are plants that complete their life cycle over the course of two years. In the first year, biennials typically produce leaves and roots but no flowers. In the second year, they flower and produce seeds before dying. Some common biennials include foxgloves (Digitalis), honesty (Lunaria annua) and viper's bugloss (Echium vulgare).

biennial
cabbage family plant. The buds form up a long stem and culminate in a cabbage-like top.

The sprouts form first at the base and then progressively up the stem as the plant grows. By winter the plant should be fairly tall and have usable sprouts up most of the stem.

The sprouts become sweeter with the advent of cold weather as their food reserves are transformed into sugars in readiness for growth and flowering in spring. In spring of the second year the sprouts form flowers and become unpalatable.

Problems and solutions

Brussels sprouts can be a little tricky to grow. Problems most likely to be encountered include;

Wilting young plants: Plants may wilt after planting due to lack of water. Adequate water at planting and subsequently is required. A ‘starter fertiliser’ can help (high phosphorus liquid fertiliser used at half strength). If plants are readily pulled up (i.e. not firmly anchored) and there are few roots and damaged lower stems the likely cause is cabbage root fly.

Lack of growth: Brussels sprouts need very fertile soil indeed to perform well. As much as 300g per sq m (10oz per sq yd) of Growmore applied one third before and two thirds after planting are required for best results. Equivalent quantities of other fertilisers can be used instead. Adding plenty (two bucketfuls per sq m) of organic matter can replace half the fertiliser. Brussels sprouts are much more tolerant of drought than cauliflowers but require moist soil in summer if they are to grow well. Plants should also be allowed at least 60cm (2ft) between plants and rows, and allowing 90cm (3ft) between rows eases access for gathering sprouts.Brussels sprouts require watering every 14 days in dry spells.

Few sprouts: The number of sprouts is dependant on the number of leaves. For plenty of leaves early sowing (late winter or early spring) is essential and careful planting into very fertile soil and subsequent careful watering.

Loose-leaved sprouts: Sprouts, like all brassicas, require to be firmly planted. A leaf should tear if tugged before the plant can be dislodged form the soil. However, loose planting is not a direct cause of fluffy sprouts. The usual cause is poor soil, lack of growth and especially the use of non-hybrid cultivars. Only hybrid cultivars can be relied on to produce firm sprouts. Excessive nitrogen fertiliser is not implicated in loose sprout formation.

Tasteless sprouts: Sprouts tend to be bland until mid-autumn when with the advent of cold weather they become sweeter and more palatable. Certain early cultivars have been bred to be tasty as early as late summer, but even these cannot match the sweetness of later cultivars.

Bitter sprouts: Most modern sprout cultivars are free of the bitterness once found in sprouts. Those with the RHS AGM have been tasted by RHS experts and found to be free of excessive bitterness.

Tunnels in the sprouts:Cabbage root fly also occasionally tunnel the sprouts as well as affecting roots. There is no remedy but to grow crops under insect-proof mesh in gardens where this damage recurs.

Disfigured sprouts and leaves: In wet winters and regions leaf spot and ringspot fungal diseases cause concentric circular marks to form on leaves and sprouts. Some cultivars are less affected and are listed in seed catalogues. Yield is not seriously affected as sprouts marked in this way can be peeled.

Plants fall over: In exposed gardens plants can fall over (lodge) in high winds. To avoid the chore of staking plants choose shorter cultivars (listed in seed catalogues) and draw soil 15cm (6ins) up stalks in late summer using a draw hoe. Crowded plants are more vulnerable to lodging.

See also...

Brussels sprouts

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Brussels sprouts problems / RHS Gardening (2024)

FAQs

Brussels sprouts problems / RHS Gardening? ›

Being brassicas, Brussels can suffer from several pests and diseases that affect the cabbage family, including clubroot and cabbage root fly. They are also best grown under fine-mesh netting to protect them from cabbage caterpillars and pigeons. Cabbage whitefly and aphids can also be problematic.

What not to plant next to brussel sprouts? ›

What Not To Plant With Vegetables
VegetableBad Companion Plants
BroadbeansFennel, soybeans and dry beans
Brocolli and CalabresePeppers, beans, strawberries
Brussel SproutsMustards, nightshades
CabbageGrapes
27 more rows

What's wrong with my Brussel sprouts? ›

The usual cause is poor soil, lack of growth and especially the use of non-hybrid cultivars. Only hybrid cultivars can be relied on to produce firm sprouts. Excessive nitrogen fertiliser is not implicated in loose sprout formation.

Why are the bottom leaves on my brussel sprouts turning yellow? ›

Yellowing leaves on Brussels sprouts often scream nutrient deficiency. Nitrogen, magnesium, and iron are the usual suspects when your sprouts look more lemon than leafy. Stunted growth and leaf curling can also point to a lack of these essential nutrients.

How do you keep brussel sprouts from falling apart? ›

By cutting through the core, you'll hold the halved or quartered sprouts together.

What is the best companion plant for brussel sprouts? ›

Onions and Garlic:

These pungent alliums are great companions for Brussels sprouts. Garlic and onions have strong scents are effective in deterring common pests like aphids and some beetles. Plus, they occupy a different space in the garden bed, ensuring efficient use of space.

Do brussel sprouts plants like coffee grounds? ›

I never thought a plant that made a vegetable so disliked could look so beautiful. So do brussel sprouts like coffee grounds? You Bet they do!

Should you cut the leaves off brussel sprout plants? ›

Some growers remove all leaves to accelerate harvest, but that practice is not essential in the home garden, and not practical for us on the farm. Some believe that the sprouts develop better if the lowermost six to eight leaves are removed from the sides of the stalk as the sprouts develop.

Can you overwater brussel sprouts? ›

Prevent wet foliage by using drip irrigation to maintain evenly moist soil, never overwatered. Avoid allowing soil to dry out completely, resulting in stronger, unpalatable flavor and odors.

Can you eat the big leaves on brussel sprout plants? ›

The top leaves and the stem are both edible and easy to prep. Brussels sprout leaves are very nutritious. Trim them from the top of the stalk, rinse, and dry. Toss the leaves into a healthy salad, or sauté them as a tasty side dish with bacon, onions and garlic.

Why do you cut a cross in the bottom of a brussel sprout? ›

In fact, the tradition of cutting a cross in the base of a sprout might have less to do with culinary technique and more to do with superstition. In Medieval times, it was believed that evil spirits and demons lived between the leaves of the vegetable, and they would enter anyone who ate them, making them ill.

Why are my new sprouts falling over? ›

Cause: If a batch of otherwise healthy seedlings fall over and wither seemingly overnight, they are likely victims of damping-off, a fungal disease that attacks stems at the soil surface and is usually deadly. Excess moisture or nutrients create conditions that promote damping-off.

How do you fix leggy brussel sprouts? ›

Unfortunately, a sunny window generally doesn't provide enough light on its own. As soon as your seeds sprout, turn the grow lights on. If you're worried about missing this crucial moment, turn on your grow lights a few days after sowing seeds (but before they've sprouted).

Can I plant Brussels sprouts next to tomatoes? ›

Brussels Sprouts Can Inhibit Growth

These two veggies compete for nutrients and therefore cannot be planted together. Members of the brassica family produce chemicals that inhibit proper growth in tomato plants (along with other nightshades like peppers and eggplants).

What vegetables should not be planted next to each other? ›

14 Vegetables You Should Never Plant Together—Gardening Experts Explain Why
  • 01 of 14. Beans and Onions. ...
  • 02 of 14. Tomatoes and Potatoes. ...
  • 03 of 14. Corn and Tomatoes. ...
  • 04 of 14. Tomatoes and Brassicas. ...
  • 05 of 14. Cucumber and Squash. ...
  • 06 of 14. Lettuce and Celery. ...
  • 07 of 14. Fennel and Tomatoes. ...
  • 08 of 14. Peppers and Cabbage.
Jan 16, 2024

Can I plant Brussels sprouts next to cucumbers? ›

A wide variety of cabbage species such as cauliflower, broccoli, kohlrabi, kale, white cabbage, savoy cabbage, Brussels sprouts and pak choi are therefore very suitable as neighbors for cucumbers. Cabbage plants usually develop medium-deep or deep roots.

Can you plant Brussels sprouts next to zucchini? ›

Brussels Sprouts: Brussels sprouts have a longer growing season than zucchini and require cooler temperatures to thrive, while zucchini prefer warmer temperatures. Additionally, Brussels sprouts can be susceptible to some pests, such as aphids, cabbage moths and cabbage worms, which may also attack zucchini plants.

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